Understanding the Science Behind Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Eyes are highly important organs of our body. They help us navigate our surroundings. Activities such as reading, riding, and operating machinery are made effortless with the use of eyes. Yet, for some reason, our vision may experience problems. Many vision-related problems require assessment through imaging tests.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely used imaging method for producing cross-sectional images of the eye. Continue reading as we explain to you the basics of OCT and the conditions it can diagnose. We also cover the key metrics of the optical coherence tomography market and detail how AI is transforming the rapidly evolving market.

What is Optical Coherence Tomography?

Optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive diagnostic method. It makes use of low-intensity light waves to capture high-resolution and cross-sectional images of the retina and optic nerves. Using OCT, it’s possible to get a detailed visualization of the internal layers of the retina. This enables precise assessment of the ocular structure.

The operating principle of OCT is based on light reflectivity. It measures light intensity and time delay reflected from different depths of the tissue. That way, tomographic imaging can have an axial resolution of up to 5 microns. This is significantly higher than the resolution of conventional imaging methods.

OCT is important for the early diagnosis of various conditions. The tomography technique also helps with the longitudinal monitoring of conditions. Using OCT, it’s possible to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber in glaucoma and detect subretinal fluid in AMD.

What Are the Clinical Applications of OCT?

OCT can be used for diagnosing and managing the diseases of the retina and optic nerve. It also helps manage conditions associated with the cornea.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration: OCT is used for visualizing the detachment of the pigment epithelium and choroidal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration. It confirms the stage of the disease. The tracking of macular thickness and subretinal fluid by longitudinal scans helps in assessing treatment response.

Diabetic Retinopathy: OCT is used for quantifying the cystoid spaces and retinal thickening linked to diabetic macular oedema. The technique can detect these conditions before clinical symptoms start to show up. The therapeutic effect of intravitreal therapy can also be evaluated.

Retinal Detachment: OCT can be used for identifying neurosensory retinal detachment and detecting the accumulation of subretinal fluid. It also allows for differentiation between rhegmatogenous and tractional types. Planning of surgeries and monitoring post-operative reattachment is also supported.

Macular Edema: The imaging technique allows for the volumetric mapping of fluid pockets. The presence of oedema can also be confirmed. OCT is important for monitoring recurrence.

Glaucoma: Glaucoma is a condition that causes damage to the optic nerve. It commonly leads to the loss of peripheral vision. OCT helps in detecting early damage to the glaucomatous by measuring the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer. It also identifies structural loss before the onset of visual field defects.

Cornea Disease: The front window of the eye is known as the cornea. Damage to the cornea may lead to cloudy or out-of-focus vision. OCT provides high-resolution images of the cornea and ocular surface. That way, it enables the visualization of corneal layers and thickness.

What Are Key Market Metrics?

Our latest analysis reveals the optical coherence tomography market to witness sustained growth. The market stood at USD 1.28 billion in 2024. It is anticipated to account for a CAGR of 13.7% between 2025 and 2034.

Advancements in OCT primarily drive the market as they have improved the imaging speed and accessibility across several medical specialties. The growing global aging population is also boosting the OCT market demand. Age is a primary risk factor for various eye-related conditions.

How Is an OCT Eye Test Carried Out?

An OCT scan needs just a few minutes in the provider’s office. Advanced preparation for the scan isn’t needed. Some patients may even have it directly after their standard eye exam. Before the test, the diagnostic imaging services provider uses eye drops to dilate the pupils. Then the patient sits in front of the scanner and rests their chin on the attached support. There is a green target that patients need to focus their eyes on.

The scanner scans one eye at a time. During scanning, a red line may be visible to the patient. Nothing will touch the patient’s eyes, and they won’t feel anything. It’s advised to stay still until the scanner completes its scan.

How AI is Changing Optical Coherence Tomography?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing OCT for the better. AI algorithms can automate image analysis. This helps reduce the time it takes for image interpretation and also reduces diagnostic errors. Using AI, it’s possible to detect disease patterns early. The integration of AI-powered telehealth platforms means patients in remote areas can access high-quality care. Furthermore, AI makes managing clinical workflows easier and allows ophthalmologists to focus on more complex treatments.

To Conclude

In conclusion, optical coherence tomography is a digital eye exam. It takes 3D digital images of the eye to diagnose various conditions. The non-invasive nature of OCT means patients won’t feel anything during the test. Also, the OCT procedure is easy and can be carried out in just a few minutes. The coming years will see the optical coherence tomography market key players introducing more advanced OCT scanners with improved capabilities.