Intraoperative Radiation Therapy: Reducing Cancer Treatment Time

Individuals with cancer often undergo complex treatment options. The treatment plan may involve a combination of therapies such as surgery, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation. But what if it were possible to complete a major part of the treatment in a single moment, during surgery? This is the potential of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT).

But what exactly is IORT? And how is it changing the treatment landscape for cancer patients? Continue reading as we explain to you the essentials of IORT. We also cover the key stats for the intraoperative radiation therapy market and shed light on the key factors driving the market forward.

What is Intraoperative Radiation Therapy?

IORT is a specialized type of treatment in the radiation oncology market. It involves the delivery of a concentrated and high dose of radiation directly at the tumor site while the surgery is being carried out. The term "intraoperative" means “during the operation.” IORT differs from traditional radiation, which is delivered from outside the body over several weeks. In contrast, IORT involves the administration of radiation from within the surgical cavity right after the removal of the visible tumor is done by the surgeon.

The main aim of IOT is twofold. First, to get rid of any microscopic cancer cells that may be present after the removal of the tumor. This reduces the risk of the cancer coming back. Second, it reduces the exposure of radiation to the surrounding healthy tissues and organs. This reduces side effects and improves the quality of life for patients.

What Are Key Market Stats?

We’ve done an in-depth assessment of the rapidly evolving intraoperative radiation therapy market. Our analysis reveals the market for IORT stood at USD 322.67 million in 2024. It is projected to account for a CAGR of 7.27% from 2025 to 2034.

The global incidence of cancer is rising among the aging population. This has led to increased demand for intraoperative radiation therapy. Rising healthcare spending in emerging economies and developed markets has improved cancer care infrastructure. This is driving the intraoperative radiation therapy market expansion.

How Does the IORT Procedure Work?

Carrying out an IORT procedure involves careful coordination between radiation oncology and surgical teams. This first step involves a careful examination of the patient. A team of surgical oncologists and radiation oncologists will determine if the patient is a good candidate for the procedure. This step involves the examination of medical imaging, such as MRI or CT scans. This is done to understand the size and location of the tumor. After planning the surgery, the specific dose of radiation is given.

The second phase involves the removal of the tumor by the surgeon. A specialized applicator is then placed inside the tumor cavity. The applicator may take the form of a cone-shaped probe or a balloon catheter. Some procedures may involve physically moving or protecting the organs and tissues near the treatment areas with shields. This is done to block stray radiation. A robotic-powered radioactive source is then guided into the applicator. The radiation delivery takes between 10 and 40 minutes to complete. Once done with radiation delivery, retraction of the radioactive source and removal of the applicator is done. After this, the surgeon closes the incision and finishes the operation.

The initial recovery of the patient in IORT is primarily from the surgery. Since treatment here is condensed into a single session, patients don’t have to visit the healthcare facility for weeks. There are follow-up appointments with the oncology team for monitoring the healing and progress.

What Cancer Types Can be Treated Using IORT?

IORT was initially aimed at breast cancer. But its application scope is expanding. Here are the cancer types for which IORT treatment is being used:

Breast Cancer

IORT is a treatment option available in the breast cancer therapy market. IORT is preferred for patients whose breast cancer is in its early stages and are undergoing a lumpectomy. It acts as a form of accelerated partial breast irradiation. It effectively targets the area with the highest recurrence risk.

Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancers

IORT is valuable for cancers in the abdomen, such as pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer. This is because it allows healthcare providers to deliver a high dose of radiation in a safe way. It also moves sensitive organs, such as the small intestine, out of the way. This is important for lowering complications.

Along with these, the treatment is also used for brain tumors, recurring cancers, and sarcomas.

What Are the Key Benefits of IORT?

The intraoperative radiation therapy market offers several benefits for breast cancer and other cancer types. These include:

Reduced Overall Treatment Time

This is one of the key benefits of intraoperative radiation therapy. Instead of several weeks of daily treatment, the radiation part is done in a single session. This helps lower the emotional and physical burden on patients and their loved ones. It also allows for a speedier return to normal life.

Lower Radiation Exposure to Healthy Tissues

During IORT, the delivery of radiation is done directly to the target area. At the same time, protection to the surrounding tissues is offered. This significantly reduces the chances of damage to healthy tissue and organs. The reduced risk lowers side effects in both the short-term and the long-term.

Potential for Improved Cosmetic Outcomes

Partial breast irradiation with IORT, for example, may provide better cosmetic results than whole-breast radiation. Given that the treatment is carried out over a smaller area, there are fewer chances of long-term changes to the breast’s appearance or texture.

Conclusion

Intraoperative radiation therapy is a major advancement in cancer treatment. It reduces the treatment timeline and offers improved protection to healthy organs. Also, there are potentially fewer side effects. While IORT isn’t suitable for every cancer type or patient, it’s a highly convenient and effective option for those eligible. Companies in the intraoperative radiation therapy market are increasingly focusing on advancing radiation delivery and imaging to make the treatment more accessible and precise.